Last updated: 2021-10-01

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Knit directory: fitnessGWAS/

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library(dplyr)
library(stringr)
library(future.apply)
library(org.Dm.eg.db) # install via source("https://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R"); biocLite("org.Dm.eg.db")
library(GO.db)
options(future.globals.maxSize = 2000 * 1024 ^ 2, 
        stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

# Helper function to split a vector into chunks 
chunker <- function(x, max_chunk_size) split(x, ceiling(seq_along(x) / max_chunk_size))

# database of D. mel annotations from bioconductor
con <- dbconn(org.Dm.eg.db)

Get the annotations for each DGRP variant

The following function temporarily loads the >1GB annotation file provided on the DGRP website at http://dgrp2.gnets.ncsu.edu/data/website/dgrp.fb557.annot.txt. We then extract the following variables for each variant, and save them in a SQLite database for memory-efficient searching inside R:

  • The Flybase ID(s), if the variant is within or close to one or more genes
  • The site class of the variant (e.g. intron, 5’-UTR…)
  • The distance-to-gene in nucleotides (for UPSTREAM and DOWNSTREAM variants only)
get_variant_annotations <- function(){
  
  # Load up the big annotation file, get pertinent info. It's stored in some sort of text string format
  annot <- read.table("data/input/dgrp.fb557.annot.txt", header = FALSE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
  
  get.info <- function(rows){
    lapply(rows, function(row){
      site.class.field <- strsplit(annot$V3[row], split = "]")[[1]][1]
      num.genes <- str_count(site.class.field, ";") + 1
      output <- cbind(rep(annot$V1[row], num.genes), 
                      do.call("rbind", lapply(strsplit(site.class.field, split = ";")[[1]], 
                                              function(x) strsplit(x, split = "[|]")[[1]])))
      if(ncol(output) == 5) return(output[,c(1,2,4,5)]) # only return SNPs that have some annotation. Don't get the gene symbol
      else return(NULL)
    }) %>% do.call("rbind", .)
  }
  
  plan("multisession")
  variant.details <- future_lapply(chunker(1:nrow(annot), max_chunk_size = 10000), get.info) %>% 
    do.call("rbind", .) %>% as.data.frame()
  
  names(variant.details) <- c("SNP", "FBID", "site.class", "distance.to.gene")
  variant.details$FBID <- unlist(str_extract_all(variant.details$FBID, "FBgn[:digit:]+")) # clean up text strings for Flybase ID
  variant.details %>%
    dplyr::filter(site.class != "FBgn0003638") %>% # NB this is a bug in the DGRP's annotation file
    mutate(chr = str_remove_all(substr(SNP, 1, 2), "_")) # get chromosome now for faster sorting later
}

Get the annotations for each Drosophila gene

The following function gets the annotations for the all the genes covered by DGRP variants, from the org.Dm.eg.db database object from Bioconductor. I don’t like the select interface to those objects (it messes with any R code that uses dplyr), so here I save the info into the SQLite database for later access.

Table to convert among gene IDs and names

get_gene_annotations <- function(){
  tbl(con, "genes") %>%
    left_join(tbl(con, "flybase"), by = "_id") %>%
    left_join(tbl(con, "gene_info"), by = "_id") %>% 
    left_join(tbl(con, "chromosomes"), by = "_id") %>%
    dplyr::select(flybase_id, gene_name, symbol, gene_id, chromosome) %>%
    dplyr::rename(FBID = flybase_id, gene_symbol = symbol, entrez_id = gene_id) %>%
    collect(n = Inf)
}

KEGG annotations

get_KEGG <- function(){
  tbl(dbconn(org.Dm.eg.db), "kegg") %>%
    left_join(tbl(con, "flybase"), by = "_id") %>% 
    dplyr::select(flybase_id, path_id) %>%
    dplyr::rename(FBID = flybase_id, kegg_id = path_id) %>%
    collect(n = Inf)
}

GO annotations

get_GO <- function(){
  tbl(dbconn(org.Dm.eg.db), "go_all") %>%
    left_join(tbl(con, "flybase"), by = "_id") %>% 
    dplyr::select(flybase_id, go_id, ontology) %>%
    dplyr::rename(FBID = flybase_id) %>%
    collect(n = Inf)
}
GO <- get_GO()

GO term meanings

go_meanings <- suppressMessages(
  AnnotationDbi::select(GO.db, 
                        GO$go_id, c("GOID", "ONTOLOGY", "TERM")))
names(go_meanings) <- c("GO", "ontology", "term")
go_meanings <- distinct(go_meanings)

Create the SQLite database and add various tables of annotations

if(file.exists("data/derived/annotations.sqlite3")) unlink("data/derived/annotations.sqlite3")

db <- DBI::dbConnect(RSQLite::SQLite(), "data/derived/annotations.sqlite3", create = TRUE)

db %>% copy_to(get_variant_annotations(), 
               "variants", temporary = FALSE, 
               indexes = list("SNP", "FBID", "chr", "site.class")) 

db %>% copy_to(get_gene_annotations(), 
               "genes", temporary = FALSE)

db %>% copy_to(GO, "GO", temporary = FALSE)

db %>% copy_to(get_KEGG(), 
               "KEGG", temporary = FALSE)

db %>% copy_to(go_meanings, 
               "go_meanings", temporary = FALSE)

View the table of variant annotations

The variants table is expanded upon in the script perform_gwas.Rmd, which also adds the minor allele frequencies, the alleles that were treated as the reference and alternate, etc.

db <- DBI::dbConnect(RSQLite::SQLite(), "data/derived/annotations.sqlite3")
db %>% tbl("variants")
# Source:   table<variants> [?? x 9]
# Database: sqlite 3.30.1
#   [/Users/lholman/Rprojects/fitnessGWAS/data/derived/annotations.sqlite3]
   SNP   FBID  site.class distance.to.gene chr   position   MAF minor_allele
   <chr> <chr> <chr>      <chr>            <chr> <chr>    <dbl> <chr>       
 1 2L_1… FBgn… NON_SYNON… 0                2L    10000016 0.463 C           
 2 2L_1… FBgn… INTRON     0                2L    10000016 0.463 C           
 3 2L_1… FBgn… SYNONYMOU… 0                2L    10000033 0.483 G           
 4 2L_1… FBgn… INTRON     0                2L    10000033 0.483 G           
 5 2L_1… FBgn… INTRON     0                2L    10000089 0.429 C           
 6 2L_1… FBgn… NON_SYNON… 0                2L    10000089 0.429 C           
 7 2L_1… FBgn… INTRON     0                2L    10000135 0.478 A           
 8 2L_1… FBgn… NON_SYNON… 0                2L    10000135 0.478 A           
 9 2L_1… FBgn… NON_SYNON… 0                2L    10000234 0.4   C           
10 2L_1… FBgn… INTRON     0                2L    10000234 0.4   C           
# … with more rows, and 1 more variable: major_allele <chr>

View the table of gene annotations

db %>% tbl("genes")
# Source:   table<genes> [?? x 5]
# Database: sqlite 3.30.1
#   [/Users/lholman/Rprojects/fitnessGWAS/data/derived/annotations.sqlite3]
   FBID        gene_name               gene_symbol entrez_id chromosome
   <chr>       <chr>                   <chr>       <chr>     <chr>     
 1 FBgn0040373 uncharacterized protein CG3038      30970     X         
 2 FBgn0040372 G9a                     G9a         30971     X         
 3 FBgn0261446 uncharacterized protein CG13377     30972     X         
 4 FBgn0000316 cinnamon                cin         30973     X         
 5 FBgn0005427 erect wing              ewg         30975     X         
 6 FBgn0040370 uncharacterized protein CG13375     30976     X         
 7 FBgn0040371 uncharacterized protein CG12470     30977     X         
 8 FBgn0029521 Odorant receptor 1a     Or1a        30978     X         
 9 FBgn0024989 uncharacterized protein CG3777      30979     X         
10 FBgn0004034 yellow                  y           30980     X         
# … with more rows

sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS Catalina 10.15.7

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRblas.dylib
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib

locale:
[1] en_GB.UTF-8/en_GB.UTF-8/en_GB.UTF-8/C/en_GB.UTF-8/en_GB.UTF-8

attached base packages:
[1] parallel  stats4    stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets 
[8] methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] GO.db_3.11.4         org.Dm.eg.db_3.11.4  AnnotationDbi_1.50.0
 [4] IRanges_2.22.2       S4Vectors_0.26.1     Biobase_2.48.0      
 [7] BiocGenerics_0.34.0  future.apply_1.5.0   future_1.17.0       
[10] stringr_1.4.0        dplyr_1.0.0          workflowr_1.6.2     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] Rcpp_1.0.4.6     dbplyr_1.4.4     compiler_4.0.3   pillar_1.4.4    
 [5] later_1.0.0      git2r_0.27.1     tools_4.0.3      bit_1.1-15.2    
 [9] digest_0.6.25    memoise_1.1.0    RSQLite_2.2.0    evaluate_0.14   
[13] lifecycle_0.2.0  tibble_3.0.1     pkgconfig_2.0.3  rlang_0.4.6     
[17] cli_2.0.2        DBI_1.1.0        yaml_2.2.1       xfun_0.22       
[21] knitr_1.32       generics_0.0.2   fs_1.4.1         vctrs_0.3.0     
[25] globals_0.12.5   bit64_0.9-7      rprojroot_1.3-2  tidyselect_1.1.0
[29] glue_1.4.2       listenv_0.8.0    R6_2.4.1         fansi_0.4.1     
[33] rmarkdown_2.5    blob_1.2.1       purrr_0.3.4      magrittr_2.0.1  
[37] whisker_0.4      backports_1.1.7  promises_1.1.0   codetools_0.2-16
[41] htmltools_0.5.0  ellipsis_0.3.1   assertthat_0.2.1 httpuv_1.5.3.1  
[45] utf8_1.1.4       stringi_1.5.3    crayon_1.3.4